生物医学sci论文写作常用句式盘点
我国很多从事生物医学方面工作的人员在国内核心期刊上发表论文没有问题，但是英文的撰写上让人抓狂，为此在这给大家分享。
生物医学sci论文写作常用句式盘点
Introduction部分
第1段：引出问题并讨论对公众的影响。
●Bronchiolitis is the most common serious lower respiratory tract infection in infants
●It is the most common…
●[X-factors] associated with bronchiolitis make the management/ prevemtion/treatment of ...controversial
第2段：指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性。
●Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bronchiolitis, effective therapy is sorely needed…
●Although a number of [therpaies/interventions] have been tested in clinical trials, none has shown great success.
●In clinical practice, [treatment/intervention A] have not demonstrated readily measurable effect.
●Although a recent meta-analysis demonstrated an association between….and…other studies leave little optimism regarding…
●Despite the conflicting evidence regarding [Treatment A], previous studies have demonstrated [Effect B].
●In contrast a number of other trials have shown…These data however, are balanced with a…that fails to show any effects.
●Recent reports have focused on…
●In a preliminary analysis…
第3段：解释说明为什么你的研究可以弥补当前研究的缺陷并提出假设与研究方案。
●The purpose of this study was to describe diagnostic and treatment preferences of [target population], and to assess the influence of [Independent variable] on [Dependent variable].
●To investigate this limitations, we…
●Although the results of the previous study revealed significant differences between X and Y we hypothesize that….
●The present study aims to-Introduction
Methods部分
1.研究方案设计
a指出研究方案已获得机构审查委员会
(IRB)或伦理委员会批准。如果未批准，解释说明原因。
b.描述方案设计：病例对照、队列研究、随机临床试验等。
c.说明是否进行了后续干预，并相应地描述时间表。
2.招募情况
a.说明参与研究人员及其参与标准
●We obtained a roster of members of the [sampling frame list source].
b.说明筛选情况
c.是否提供激励机制?如果有，说明其内容与方式。
d.随机策略
●Each member was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups using a computerized random-number generator.
e.如果可以，说明如何给予治疗以及设置控制组。
3.数据收集：描述数据收集方法
●The survey consisted of…
●An additional 13 questions sought information regarding…
●Questions based on the survey sought to describe the subject's…
●Respondent's were also asked to specify which…
●Outcome data was ascertained by asking the participants X? Y? and Z?. Possible responses to this question were A, B, C, or D.
●Outcome variables were the expressed preferences for or against the specified diagnostic and therpeutic options, including admission
4.数据分析
a.描述数据分析方法(研究策划书在此是非常有用的信息)
●For some analyses we used….for others we…
●Means, medians, and proportions were recorded for…
●For dichotomous outcomes, Pearson X2 tests were used to assess differences between subjects who received different [treatments]
●Independent variables included…
b.如果使用了软件，请说明软件名称与版本。
Result部分
第1段：描述样本容量
●A total of [X no.] subjects, or [%] of those contacted, responded to the survey.
●We excluded from analysis the [X no.] of subjects who did not participate due to…
●Table 1 summarizes…of the respondents included in the analysis
第2段
a.主题句陈述研究结果(不涉及数据)
●Overall, participants indicated that….each subsequent sentence in paragraph provides detail to this topic statement
●When asked to rank treatment options from 1-6, [X-treatment] received the greatest number of first place rankings….following statements detail this topic
●Furthermore, respondents were asked whether [Event A occurred]…Responses to this question are given in table II.
●The most popular choice was…details for this topic statement should highlight any data-based rationale for this indication.
●Respondents who were in the [Y] category were more likely to…detail should describe degree of difference between this category and others, as well as identify quantitatively the differences between each category.
b.第2句用统计数据来说明主题句中的阐述的内容。
c.尽量不要涉及对结果的评论。评论可以放在接下去的讨论部分中。要记住。结果部分仅仅是对研究数据的客观陈述。
Discussion部分
第1 段
a.观点1：阐明研究结果对利益问题的影响。使用现在时态提供问题或假设的答案
●Current US recommendations for…seem to vary markedly on the basis of differences in…
●The results of our study suggest that…has become a criterion for…
●This finding may help to explain…
a) This study shows…
b) In this study, we have found
c) Our results show that
d) These results thus lend further credence to other (our earlier)
e) In this study, we demonstrate
b.观点2：或直接提出问题并作答(不常见)
● The question addressed by the present study….. The main finding of our study is…
第2段
a.对比以前的数据或其他文献相比，建立新的结论。
●Incomplete….. In this study
●Previously biased….We have shown
●These data are in accordance with the results from other investigators demonstrating that…
●Evidence accumulated over the last two decades indicates
b.解释与以往研究之间的差异
●Apparent discrepancies between our xyz values and those of earlier studies….
●Earlier studies have reported…..
第3段
a.讨论次要或未预料到的结果
●A surprising finding was that
b.关于调查结果重要性的假设
●This strategy may be useful
●This finding may serve to explain/provide clarity for...
第4段
a.描述研究的内在局限性。这些限制可能关于方法、研究设计的缺陷、假设的有效性。用对立分析法分析局限或者可能影响结果的未预料到的障碍因素。
Point: The limitations of our study include those common to focus groups
Point: We acknowledge that…
Counter point: However, [ ] has been validated as a useful tool for assessing…
Point/counterpoint: On the basis of the results of our study, we cannot infer that the
relationship between…and…is causal, but we have sought to demonstrate the plausibility of such a relationship.
Point: We also cannot comment on other factors that may have contributed to[specific outcomes of our study]
Point/counterpoint: Although we were able to gather limited information on nonrespondents, we found no significant differences between respondents and non-respondents.
b.如果有偏差，解释说明偏向的方向，即零假设或备择假设。
●Our methods for determining the .. has several limitations…Despite these limitations, our analysis has several advantages
●One assumption we made for….This is a reasonable assumption. In addition… Finally...
